If there are extra antibodies, the cross-matching may take longer. Antibodies and cross-matchingĪfter blood is typed, a test called an antibody screen is done to see if a patient’s plasma contains other antibodies besides those against A, B, and Rh. This may become important for patients who have already had many transfusions or who have reacted to transfusions in the past. For example, people with type AB blood are universal plasma donors, and they can only receive type AB plasma.įor platelet and cryoprecipitate transfusions, matching the blood type of the donor to the recipient is usually not critical, but labs still try to match them. Plasma, platelets, cryo, and blood typeīlood types are also important for plasma transfusions, but the rules are different than the rules for red blood cells transfusions. Still, these antigens may become a factor in matching blood for a person who has had many transfusions in the past, as is the case for some people with cancer. These are rare because people don’t make antibodies against them unless they have had transfusions before. There are other antigens on red blood cells that can lead to transfusion reactions. Her anti-Rh antibodies can attack Rh-positive blood cells in the fetus. If an Rh-negative woman makes antibodies like this, it can seriously harm any Rh-positive babies she may have in the future. This is because an Rh-positive blood transfusion can cause a person with Rh negative blood to make antibodies against the Rh factor, causing a transfusion reaction (discussed below). But people with Rh-negative blood should only get Rh-negative red blood cells except in extreme emergencies. If you have Rh-positive blood, you can get Rh-positive or Rh-negative red blood cell transfusions. A person who has type B, Rh-positive blood is called B positive, whereas a person with type B, Rh-negative blood is B negative. If you have type AB blood, you can get transfusions of O, A, B, or AB red blood cells.īlood is either Rh-positive or Rh-negative, depending on whether the red blood cells have Rh antigens on their surface.If you have type B blood, you cannot get type A or AB red blood cells. ![]() If you have type A blood, you cannot get either type B or AB red blood cells.In everyday practice, people in the US are almost always given the exact same type of red blood cells that they have.) For example, if a person is bleeding severely and nearing death, there may no time for testing. (Universal donor blood cells are typically only used in emergencies. But you can give your red blood cells to people with type A, B, AB, or O blood, which is why you are sometimes called a universal donor. If you have type O blood, you can only get type O red blood cell transfusions.In the United States, the most common blood type is O, followed closely by type A. Two antigens on blood cells (A and B) determine a person’s ABO blood type (either A, B, AB, or O). These 2 factors can be combined into 8 possible blood types: Each person also is either Rh-positive or Rh-negative (you either have Rh or you don’t).Each person has an ABO blood type – either A, B, AB, or O – which means antigen A, antigen B, both antigens (type AB), or neither antigen (type O) is found on their blood cells.The 2 most important antigens in blood typing are called A, B, O, and Rh. People have different blood types, which are based on substances called antigens on a person’s blood cells. When a person needs a blood transfusion, a blood sample is drawn from them and tested the same way.Īll blood has the same components, but not all blood is the same. The blood bag is labeled with the type of blood it contains. This is done when it’s taken from the donor and again once it’s received by the hospital lab. To be sure no mistakes are made, donated blood is carefully tested to find out what type it is. (See “Possible risks of blood transfusion.”) This can cause a serious or even life-threatening transfusion reaction. If you get a transfusion that does not work with your blood type, your body’s immune system could fight the donated blood. ![]() ![]() Blood typesīlood types are important when it comes to transfusions. At that point, more blood tests must be done to find a donated blood component that closely matches the patient. If a transfusion is needed, it must be prescribed by a health care provider. Tests of clotting (coagulation) may also be done if abnormal bleeding is a problem. A CBC measures the levels of components within the blood such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The amount and part of the blood transfused depends on what the patient needs.įirst, blood tests such as a complete blood count (CBC) are done to find out if the patient’s symptoms are likely to be helped by a transfusion. A blood transfusion is given through tubing connected to a needle or fine tube (catheter) that’s in a vein.
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